Thursday, 11 December 2014

PRACTICAL 3 : Experiment 5 - Content of Ibuprofen (assay)

Procedure :
1. 20 Ibuprofen tablets which were selected randomly are weighted and powdered.
2. A quantity of powder containing 0.5g Ibuprofen is extracted with 20ml chloroform for 15 minutes and is filtered through normal filter paper.
3. The residue is washed with 3 x 10ml chloroform and is gently evaporated the combined filtrate just to dryness in a current air.
4. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml with ethanol (96%) and three drops of phenolphthalein is dropped into the solution.
5. The solution is titrated with 0.1M sodium hydroxide to end point.
6. The content of ibuprofen is calculated with each ml of 0.1M sodium hydroxide is equivalent to 0.02063g of C13H18O2.

Result and Calculation :
Total weight of powder of 20 tablets of Ibuprofen + weighting boat
12.486 g
Weight of weighting boat
3.200 g
Weight of powder of Ibuprofen
9.286 g

1 tablet of Ibuprofen à 400mg of Ibuprofen
20 tablets of Ibuprofen à 20 x 400mg = 8000mg = 8g of Ibuprofen

To obtain 0.5g of Ibuprofen
8g of Ibuprofen = 9.286g of total weight (Ibuprofen + excipient)
0.5g of Ibuprofen = x g

(0.5g/8g) x 9.286 g = 0.5803 g of powder of Ibuprofen

Therefore, 0.58 g of powder of Ibuprofen are take out to obtain 0.5 g of   Ibuprofen.
Volume of NaOH needed to achieve the end point of titration
7.60 ml
The content of Ibuprofen in solution
NaOH + C13H18O2  à C13H17ONa + H2O

From equation, 1 mol of NaOH = 1 mol of C13H18O2
No. of mole of NaOH = MV = (0.1)(7.6x10-3) = 7.6x10-4 mol

Hence,  7.6x10-4 mol of NaOH = 7.6x10-4 mol mol of C13H18O2

If each ml of NaOH is equivalent to 0.02063g of C13H18O2 ,
7.60ml x 0.02063 = 0.1567g of Ibuprofen

Therefore, The content of Ibuprofen is 0.1567g.

Calculation for assay (standard deviation)
= (Experimental value) / (Theoretical value) x 100%
= 0.1567/0.5 x 100%
= 31.34%

Discussion :

                In theory, the amount of Ibuprofen is 0.5g. Meanwhile in experiment, after the calculation the amount of Ibuprofen is only 0.1567g. There is quite huge different in amount of active ingredient. This may be due to some wrong techniques that used during experiment. The resulted deviation may be due to several errors which occurred while the experiment was carried out. These errors may affect the accuracy of the experiment data.
                One of the possible errors detected may due to the ibuprofen that we used for the experiment may have expired, causing the loss of active ingredients in the tablets as the active ingredients might have decomposed. Therefore, to increase the accuracy of the experiment, we should use ibuprofen tablets that are not expired. Next, the solution may not completely dry during the drying process.
                Other possible errors are, the active ingredient in the tablet might loss when the crushing of the tablets are done. This is because when we were using mortar and pestle to crush the tablets, some of them would drop out of the pestle. Thus, to prevent this to happen, we should try to crush the tablet gently so that the loss of the active ingredient can be reduced.
                Besides, the solution are not filtered through a sintered glass crucible but using filter funnel and filter paper. This will cause some of the powder that are not dissolved in the chloroform will pass through into the conical flask. Lastly, the error might happen due to the titration of the solution with sodium hydroxide. We might mis the actual end-point of the solution to turn from colourless to pale pink in colour.

Conclusion :


The content of Ibuprofen is 0.1567g which differ from the theoretical value due to many factors.




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